Learn All Networking Concept In Easy Way: Wi-Fi

Showing posts with label Wi-Fi. Show all posts

Firmware Upgrading on Macs

Download the router tools and firmware. double the click DrayTek Router Tools.dmg and then the DrayTek Router Tools disk will pop up. double click the disk, the new windows will pop up as next figure.
2.Click the DrayTek Smart Start Wizard
click the Search, the router's IP and Mac Address should be listed. Click ok.
Type the password, and then click the ok.
Click the Next
Click the Browse, the Router Web will shown up
Double click the DrayTek Firmware Upgrade
Click the Browse to specify firmware file location and type the router's IP address
Click the Firmware Upgrade in the router web
Click ok
11.click send in firmware upgrade utility.
You may check the firmware version on the rouer web.

Wifi configuration

WiFi Configuration

(To Access WiFi Service Laptop/Computer should be Wireless Enabled)

1. Enter IP 192.168.1.1, in Internet Explorer after connecting the router as before(As in ADSL Router without wifi capability)

2. Enter User Name Password as before(As in ADSL Router without wifi capability): i.e. admin, admin

3. Click Tab Interface Setup shown below:

a) Click Internet, you will find page as given below:

Configure PVCs, Enter Username & Password as earlier(As in ADSL Router without wifi capability), and Click save button.

b) To configure Wireless setting Click Wireless Tab and you will get window as given below:

* Activate Access Port radio button (WiFi would not work without it)

* Type your SSID.

* You can Configure Channel Id.

* Select Authentication type by clicking combo box and enter KEY in required format.

You can filter/allow Mac address by activating wireless MAC address filter as desired by clicking Activated tab. You have to enter the mac address of your WIFI card installed in your laptop/computer. Upto 8 MAC can be allowed or denied.

Click Save Button.

As below one USER is allowed to access the WiFi Service from this Access point. i. e. 00:14:A4:19:74:8C. If you enter WiFi Card MAC addresses of other Laptops/Computers (Maximum 8 Laptops/Computers are allowed)

Click Save Button.

C) To configure LAN(Local Area Network) settings like DNS, DHCP Click LAN TAB as shown below:

Click Save Button.

IMPORTANT:

KEY POINT to prevent misuse of WiFi Facility by unauthorized user, ALWAYS USE Security feature of WiFi router given above and repeated below again:

SSID The SSID is a unique name to identify the ADSL Router in the wireless LAN. Wireless clients associating to the ADSL Router must have the same SSID.

Broadcast SSID Select No to hide the SSID such that a station can not obtain the SSID through passive scanning. Select Yes to make the SSID visible so a station can obtain the SSID through passive scanning.

Wireless LAN :: WEP
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) encrypts data frames before transmitting over the wireless network. Select Disable to allow all wireless computers to communicate with the access points without any data encryption.Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to use data encryption.
Key#1~Key#4 The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the ADSL Router and the wireless clients must use the same WEP key for data transmission.If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 Characters each key (1-4). If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 characters for each key (1-4).The values must be set up exactly the same on the Access Points as they are on the wireless client stations. The same value must be assigned to Key 1 on both the access point (your ADSL Router) and the client adapters, the same value must be assigned to Key 2 on both the access point and the client stations and so on, for all four WEP keys.

Wireless LAN :: WPA-PSK
Wi-Fi Protected Access, pre-shared key. Encrypts data frames before transmitting over the wireless network.
Pre-shared Key The Pre-shared Key are used to encrypt data. Both the ADSL Router and the wireless clients must use the same WPA-PSK key for data transmission. Key Length 8 � 64 characters.

Wireless LAN :: MAC Filter
You can allow or deny a list of MAC addresses associated with the wireless stations access to the ADSL Router.
Status Use the drop down list box to enable or disable MAC address filtering.
Action Select Deny Association to block access to the router, MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access the router. Select Allow Association to permit access to the router, MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to the router.

0-9

20/40 MHz channel operation: A feature that enables Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n products that operate with 40 MHz channels in the 2.4 GHz frequency band to sense other Wi-Fi devices in the channel and coordinate a switch to the default mode of 20 MHz channels. Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n devices that support 40 MHz channels in 2.4GHz must include support for this optional feature. See also 40 MHz channel operation.
3G: The term refers to digital, packet-switched technology and is used to describe the third-generation of mobile telephony which brings video and broadband Internet access to mobile phones. The first generation was represented by analog cellular phones and the second generation by digital cellular networks.
40 MHz channel operation: A mode of operation in which two "channels," or paths on which data can travel, are combined to increase performance in some environments. In the 2.4 GHz frequency band, Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n products are configured to operate using 20 MHz channels by default, and must employ coexistence mechanisms to help ensure that the device defaults to 20 MHz operation when sharing the frequency with other Wi-Fi networks. In the 5 GHz frequency band, interference is not an issue, so coexistence mechanisms are not required. See also 20/40 MHz channel coexistence.
802.11a: An IEEE standard for a wireless network that operates at 5 GHz with data rates up to 54Mbps.
802.11b: An IEEE standard for a wireless network that operates at 2.4 GHz with data rates up to 11Mbps.
802.11d: An IEEE specification that allows for configuration changes at the Media Access Control layer (MAC layer) level to comply with the rules of the country in which the network is to be used. (See MAC).
802.11e: An IEEE standard that adds Quality of Service (QoS) features and multimedia support to the existing 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11a wireless networks. (See QoS, WMM).
802.11g: An IEEE standard for a wireless network that operates at 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi with data rates up to 54Mbps.
802.11h: 802.11h supports Dynamic Frequency Selection(DFS) and Transmit Power Control(TPC) requirements to ensure coexistence between Wi-Fi and other types of radio frequency devices in the 5 GHz band.
802.11i: An IEEE standard specifying security mechanisms for 802.11 networks. 802.11i makes use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) block cipher. The standard also includes improvements in key management, user authentication through 802.1X and data integrity of headers. (See 802.1X, AES, WPA2).
802.11j: An IEEE specification for wireless networks that incorporates Japanese regulatory requirements concerning wireless transmitter output power, operational modes, channel arrangements and spurious emission levels.
802.11n: The most current generation of Wi-Fi technology. 802.11n supports Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology devices, using multiple receivers and multiple transmitters in both the client and access point to achieve improved performance. Products desgnated as Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n can operate in either 2.4 or 5 GHz frequency bands, and are backward compatible with 802.11 a/b/g networks. 802.11n technology can deliver data rates up to 600 Mbps. (See Mbps, MIMO).
802.1X: A standard for port-based authentication, first used in wired networks, that was adapted for use in enterprise WLANs to address security flaws in WEP, the original security specification for 802.11 networks. 802.1X provides a framework for authenticating users and controlling their access to a protected network and dynamic encryption keys to protect data privacy. (See EAP, WEP, WPA, WPA2).
802.3: The standard defining wired Ethernet networks. (See Ethernet).

A

Ad-Hoc mode: A term used to describe one type of Wi-Fi device-to-device network. (See device-to-device network, peer-to-peer network).
AES: Advanced Encryption Standard. The preferred standard for the encryption of commercial and government data using a symmetric block data encryption technique. It is used in the implementation of WPA2. (See 802.11i, WPA2).
Aggrergation: Techniques that make the transmission of data more efficient in Wi-Fi networks.
AP: Access point. A device which serves as a central wireless connection point for a Wi-Fi network.
Association: Describes the establishment and maintenance of the wireless link between devices. (If security is enabled, the devices cannot do anything but exchange security credentials with this link). (See authentication).
Authentication: The process that occurs after association to verify the identity of the wireless device or end user and allow access to the network. (See association, 802.1X, WPA, WPA2).

B


Backbone: The central part of a large network that links two or more sub-networks. The backbone is the primary data transmission path on large networks such as those of enterprises and service providers. A backbone can be wireless or wired.


bps: Bits per second. A measure of data transmission speed across a network or communications channel; bps is the number of bits that can be sent or received per second. It measures the speed at which data is communicated and should not be-but often is-confused with bytes per second (Bps, in this reference the B is capitalized while in bps lower case is used). While "bits" is a measure of transmission speed, "bytes" is a measure of storage capacity. (See bandwidth, Mbps).


Bridge: A wireless device that connects multiple networks together. (See router).


Broadband: A comparatively fast Internet connection possessing sufficient bandwidth to accommodate multiple voice, data and video channels simultaneously. Cable, DSL and satellite are all considered to be broadband channels; they provide much greater speed than dial-up Internet access over telephone wires. (See cable modem, DSL).


Broadband modem: A device that connects a local computer or network to a high-speed Internet service, such as DSL or Cable Internet. (See cable modem, DSL).

BSSID: Basic Service Set Identifier. A unique address that identifies the access point/router that creates the wireless network. (See SSID).

C



Channel: One portion of the available radio spectrum that all devices on a wireless network use to communicate. Changing the channel on the access point/router can help reduce interference.




Channel bonding: A mode of operation in which two "channels," or paths on which data can travel, are combined to increase performance in some environments. In the 2.4 GHz frequency band, Wi-Fi CERTIFIED products are configured to operate using 20 MHz channels by default, and must employ coexistence mechanisms to help ensure that the device defaults to 20 MHz operation when sharing the frequency with other Wi-Fi networks. In the 5 GHz frequency band, interference is not an issue, so coexistence mechanisms are not required.


Client: A device, such as a computer, phone or TV which accesses a Wi-Fi or wired network. (See AP).

Collision avoidance: A means of proactively detecting whether a node on an Ethernet network can transmit a signal without risk that it will collide with other traffic on the network. (See CSMA/CA, CSMA/CD).


Concurrent operation: Wi-Fi Access Points with concurrent operation can transmit on both 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz frequency bands at the same time. Sometimes referred to as "simultaneous dual-band".


Crossover cable: A twisted-pair cable used to network two computers without use of a hub. Instead of traveling in direct parallel paths between plugs, the signals "crossover," reversing the sending and receiving wire pairs on each end. Crossover cables may be required to connect a cable or DSL modem to a wireless router or access point.


CSMA/CA: Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance. The principal media access control strategy used in 802.11 networks to avoid data collisions. It is a "listen before talk" method of minimizing collisions. The network node checks to see if the transmission channel is clear before a data packet is sent. (See collision avoidance, CSMA/CD).


CSMA/CD: Customer Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection. The principal media access control strategy used to manage traffic and reduce noise on wired Ethernet networks. It allows a network device to transmit data after detecting a channel is available. If two devices transmit data simultaneously, the sending device detects the collision of data packets and retransmits after a random time delay. (See collision avoidance, CSMA/CA).

D

Data rate: Also known as the "PHY" rate, this number captures the speed at which all data bits pass over the Wi-Fi network. Many Wi-Fi devices will report this number as the "speed" at which your network is performing. Actual throughout rates will always be lower than the data rate, due to available network capacity and overhead in real-world environments. The data rate communicates the maximum possible rate at which a device can transmit data. Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n devices have data rates which can range from 150 Mbps to 450 Mbps. See also throughput, which is a real-world measure of performance and is always lower than data rate.


Device-to-device network: Two or more devices that connect using wireless network devices without the use of a centralized wireless access point. Also known as a peer-to-peer network. (See ad hoc mode, Peer-to-peer network).


DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. A protocol for dynamically assigning IP addresses from a pre-defined list to nodes on a network. When they log on, network nodes automatically receive an IP address from a pool of addresses served by a DHCP. The DHCP server provides (or leases) an IP address (to a client for a specific period of time. The client will automatically request a renewal of the lease when the lease is about to run out. If a lease renewal is not requested and it expires, the address is returned to the pool of available IP addresses. Using DHCP to manage IP addresses simplifies client configuration and efficiently utilizes IP addresses. (See IP address).


Dial-up: A connection to a remote network, or the Internet, using a standard modem and telephone connection, or Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS). (See POTS).


Digital home: A name used to refer to the trend of networked consumer electronics found in a home. Digital home devices communicate with each other and often connect to a central library of movies, photos, or music. Digital home devices range from televisions to set top boxes, notebook computers to audio systems, cameras to digital photo frames and much more. Wi-Fi is a key technology for connecting the Digital Home.


Diversity antenna: An antenna system that uses multiple antennas to reduce interference and maximize reception and transmission quality.


Dual-band: Designates a product that can communicate on a wireless network in either the 2.4MHz or 5MHz frequency bands. Dual-band Wi-Fi devices can offer either "selectable" or "concurrent" operation. For selectable dual-band devices, the user must select one of the frequency bands. Concurrent devices operate in both 2.4 and 5 GHz at the same time.

E



EAP: Extensible Authentication Protocol. A protocol that provides an authentication framework for both wireless and wired Ethernet enterprise networks. It is typically used with a RADIUS server to authenticate users on large networks. EAP protocol types are used in the 802.1X-based authentication in WPA-Enterprise and WPA2-Enterprise. (See 802.1X, EAP, LEAP, RADIUS, TLS, WPA-Enterprise, WPA2-Enterprise).


EAP-AKA: Authentication and Key Agreement. Enables handoff between 3G cellular and Wi-Fi networks using a single user identifier.


EAP-FAST: Flexible Authentication via Secure Tunneling. Uses multiple secured tunnels during authentication.


EAP-SIM: Specifies a mechanism for mutual authentication and session key agreement using the GSM-SIM and used in GSM-based mobile phone networks.


EAP-SIM: Specifies a mechanism for mutual authentication and session key agreement using the GSM-SIM and used in GSM-based mobile phone networks.


EAP-SIM: Specifies a mechanism for mutual authentication and session key agreement using the GSM-SIM and used in GSM-based mobile phone networks.




EAP-SIM: Specifies a mechanism for mutual authentication and session key agreement using the GSM-SIM and used in GSM-based mobile phone networks.


EAP-TLS: Extensible Authentication Protocol Transport Layer Security


EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2: EAP-Tunneled TLS/Microsoft Challenge Authentication Handshake Protocol. Securely tunnels clients authentication within TLS records


Encryption: Data converted into a form that cannot be easily understood by unauthorized persons. Encrypted data is often used by websites for secure payment options, and by communications systems such as those used by safety officers for communicating sensitive information. Wi-Fi security, known as WPA2, uses encryption to help protect transmitted data. (See 802.11i, RC4, TKIP, WEP, WPA, WPA2).


ESSID: Extended Service Set Identifier. A name used to identify a wireless network. (See SSID, network name).

F



FIPS 140-2: The Federal Information Processing Standard that defines the requirements of security technologies used in the handling and processing of information within government agencies. (See 802.11i, AES, WPA2).


Firewall: A system of software and/or hardware that resides between two networks to prevent access by unauthorized users. The most common use of a firewall is to provide security between a local network and the Internet. Firewalls can make a network appear invisible to the Internet and can block unauthorized and unwanted users from accessing files and systems on the network. Hardware and software firewalls monitor and control the flow of data in and out of computers in both wired and wireless enterprise, business and home networks. They can be set to intercept, analyze and stop a wide range of Internet intruders and hackers. (See Intrusion detection).


Firmware: Software routines that are embedded as read-only memory (ROM) in a computer chip or hardware device to prevent modification of the routines. Unlike random access memory (RAM), read-only memory stays intact in the absence of electrical power. Startup routines and low-level input/output instructions are stored in firmware.


Frequency band: Wi-Fi 802.11n operates at two frequencies: 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz. Only devices which operate in the same frequency band can communicate with one another. Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n devices may support one or both of these frequency bands.

G

Gateway: In the wireless world, a gateway is an access point with additional software capabilities such as providing NAT and DHCP. Gateways may also provide VPN support, roaming, firewalls, various levels of security, etc.

H

Hotspot: A location where users can access the Internet using Wi-Fi laptops and other Wi-Fi enabled devices. Access may be provided free or for a fee. Hotspots are often found at coffee shops, hotels, airport lounges, train stations, convention centers, gas stations, truck stops and other public meeting areas. Corporations and campuses often offer it to visitors and guests. Hotspot service is sometimes available aboard planes, trains and boats. (See Wi-Fi ZONE).
Hz: Hertz. The international unit for measuring frequency equivalent to the older unit of cycles per second. One megahertz (MHz) is one million hertz. One gigahertz (GHz) is one billion hertz. The standard US electrical power frequency is 60 Hz; 802.11a devices operate in the 5 GHz band; 802.11b and g devices operate in the 2.4 GHz band.

I



I/O: Input/Output. The term used to describe any operation that transfers data to or from a computer. (See MIMO).


IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. A global technical professional society and standards-setting organization serving the public interest and its members in electrical, electronics, computer, information and other technologies.



IEEE 802.11
: The family of specifications developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 committee which establishes standards for wireless Ethernet networks. 802.11 standards define the over-the-air interface between wireless clients and a base station, or access point that is physically connected to the wired network. (See 802.11, IEEE).



Infrastructure mode: A term used to describe a wireless network consisting of devices connected to a network using a centralized wireless access point. One of two types of wireless network modes; the other is a device-to-device network (also known as peer-to-peer or ad hoc mode). (See ad hoc mode, device-to-device network, peer-to-peer network).


Internet appliance: A computing device used primarily for Internet access. It can be Wi-Fi enabled or connected to a wired network and generally offers customized web browsing, touch-screen navigation, with built-in e-mail services, entertainment and personal information management applications. Applications cannot be installed independently.


Intrusion detection: A security service that monitors and analyzes system events to identify security breaches to the network and provide real-time warnings when an unauthorized intrusion, or break-in, to the network is attempted. (See Rogue, War chalking, War driving).


IP: Internet Protocol. The basic communications protocol of the Internet. (See IP address, TCP/IP).



IP (Internet Protocol) telephony: Technology that supports voice, data and video transmission via IP-based LANs, WANs, and the Internet. This includes VoIP (Voice over IP).


IP address: Internet Protocol address. IP Version 4, the most widely used Internet protocol, provides 32-bit number that identifies the sender or receiver of information sent across the Internet. An IP address has two parts: The identifier of the particular network on the Internet and the identifier of the particular device (which can be a server or a workstation) within that network. The newer IP, Version 6, provides a 128-bit addressing scheme to support a much greater number of IP addresses. (See DHCP, DNS, IP).



IP telephony: A general term referring to technologies that use IP packet-switched connections to exchange voice, data, video, and other forms of information traditionally carried over public telephone networks. (See IP, VoIP).



ISO Network Model: A model developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO) that defines seven levels, or layers, in a network. By standardizing these layers and the interfaces that connect them, different portions of a given protocol can be modified or changed as technologies advance or systems requirements are altered. The seven layers are, beginning at the lowest layer: Physical, Data link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application. The IEEE 802.11 Standard encompasses the physical layer (PHY) and the lower portion of the data link layer which is often referred to as the Media Access Control (MAC) sub-layer. (See PHY).

L



LAN: Local Area Network. A system of connecting PCs and other devices within the same physical proximity for sharing resources such as an Internet connections, printers, files and drives. When Wi-Fi is used to connect the devices, the system is known as a wireless LAN or WLAN. (See WAN, WLAN, WMAN, WPAN).


LEAP: Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol-A proprietary Cisco protocol used for 802.1X authentication on wireless LANs (WLANs). (See 802.1X, EAP).

M



MAC address: Media Access Control address. A unique hardware number that identifies each device on a network. A device can be a computer, printer, etc. (See IP address).


MAN: Metropolitan Area Network. A data network, typically operated by a municipality or communications carrier that provides high-speed service within a geographical area such as a college campus, town or city. A MAN is larger than a Local Area Network (LAN) but smaller than a Wide Area Network (WAN). (See WiMAX).



Mapping: Assigning a PC to a shared drive or printer port on a network.


Mbps: Megabits per second. A measurement of data speed that is roughly equivalent to a million bits per second. (See bps).


Mesh network: A communications network with least two pathways to each node, forming a net-like organization. When each node is connected to every other node, the network is said to be fully meshed. When only some of the nodes are linked, switching is required to make all the connections and the network is said to be partially meshed, or partially connected.


MIC: Message Integrity Check. A technology that is employed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If it does not match, the data is assumed to have been tampered with and the packet is dropped. (See Packet, TKIP, WPA, WPA2).


MIMO: Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output. An advanced signal processing technology that uses multiple receivers and multiple transmitters in both the client and access point to improve throughput and range. For most Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n devices, MIMO is foundational to performance. (See 802.11n).

N

Network name: A name used to identify a wireless network. (See ESSID, SSID)



NFC: Near Field Communication. A short-range wireless communication technology facilitating spontaneous data exchange between two devices when they are in proximity to one another. Communication between two NFC-compatible devices occurs when they are brought within four centimeters of one another: a simple wave or touch can establish an NFC connection. Used in Wi-Fi Protected Setup as a method to join devices to the network.

NIC: Network Interface Card. A wireless or wired PC adapter card that allows the client computer to utilize network resources. Most office wired NICs operate at 100 Mbps. Wireless NICs operate at data rates defined by 802.11 standards. (See PC card).

P


Packet: A unit of information transmitted from one device to another on a network. A packet typically contains a header with addressing information, data, and a checksum to insure data integrity. (See MIC).


Packet aggregation: A technique to move data more efficiently. Multiple smaller packets which are headed to the same destination are bundled together, eliminating multiple waiting periods between those packets. This increases throughput and allows devices to "sleep" more, which in turn improves spectrum and power usage. The method of packet aggregation which is optionally tested in Wi-Fi CERTIFIED 802.11n is A-MPDU.



Pass phrase: A series of characters used to create a key which is used by Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA). (See PSK, WPA).




PC Card: A removable, credit-card-sized memory or I/O device that fits into an expansion slot on a notebook computer or a personal digital assistant (PDA). PC Cards are used primarily in notebook computers and PDAs. PC Card peripherals include Wi-Fi network cards, memory cards, modems, wired NICs, and hard drives. (See NIC, PCI).



PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect. A high-performance I/O (input/output) computer bus that allows expansion slots to be spaced closely for high-speed operation. (See NIC, PC Card).



PCMCIA: Expansion cards now referred to as "PC Cards" were originally called "PCMCIA Cards" because they met the standards created by the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association.



PEAP: PEAP-Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol. A protocol proposed by Microsoft, Cisco and RSA Security for 802.1X authentication on wireless LANs (WLANs). (See EAP, LEAP).



PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2: Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol, a protocol developed jointly by Microsoft, RSA Security and Cisco for transmitting authentication data, including passwords, over 802.11 wireless networks. PEAP authenticates wireless LAN clients using only server-side digital certificates by creating an encrypted SSL/TLS tunnel between the client and the authentication


PEAPv1/EAP-GTC: Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol, a protocol developed jointly by Microsoft, RSA Security and Cisco for transmitting authentication data, including passwords, over 802.11 wireless networks. PEAP authenticates wireless LAN clients using only server-side digital certificates by creating an encrypted SSL/TLS tunnel between the client and the authentication



Peer-to-peer network: A wireless or wired computer network that has no server or central hub or router. All the networked PCs are equally able to act as a network server or client, and each client computer can talk to all the other wireless computers without having to go through an access point or hub. However, since there is no central base station to monitor traffic or provide Internet access, the various signals can collide with each other, reducing overall performance. (See Ad hoc mode, Device-to-device network).


Performance: A concept which refers to how effectively (or quickly) data moves across a network, a device's range, and or a network's reliability. See also throughput, range, data rate.

PHY: The physical, or lowest, layer of the OSI Network Model. In a wireless network, the PHY defines parameters such as data rates, modulation method, signaling parameters, transmitter/receiver synchronization, etc. Within an actual radio implementation, the PHY corresponds to the radio front end and baseband signal processing sections. (See ISO Network Model).

Plug-and-play: Features that provide for automatic configuration of add-ons and peripheral devices such as wireless PC Cards, printers, scanners and multimedia devices. (See PC Card).


Print server: A network device, often a computer, that connects to at least one printer, allowing it to be shared among computers on a network.


Proxy server: A technique used in larger companies and organizations to improve network operations and security. The proxy server receives requests intended for another server to prevent direct communication between two or more networks. The proxy server forwards allowable data requests to remote servers and/or responds to data requests directly from stored remote server data.



PSK: A mechanism in Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)-Personal that allows the use of manually entered keys or passwords to initiate WPA security. The PSK is entered on the access point or home wireless gateway and each PC that is on the Wi-Fi network. After entering the password, Wi-Fi Protected Access automatically takes over. It keeps out eavesdroppers and other unauthorized users by requiring all devices to have the matching password. The password also initiates the encryption process which, in WPA is Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) and in WPA2 is Advanced Encryption Standard (WPA2). (See TKIP, WPA-Personal, WPA2-Personal).

Q




QoS: Quality of Service. Required to support wireless multimedia applications and advanced traffic management. QoS enables Wi-Fi access points to prioritize traffic and optimize the way shared network resources are allocated among different applications. Without QoS, all applications running on different devices have equal opportunity to transmit data frames. That works well for data traffic from applications such as web browsers, file transfers, or e-mail but it is inadequate for multimedia applications. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), video streaming, and interactive gaming are highly sensitive to latency increases and throughput reductions and require QoS. QoS extensions for 802.11 networks will be addressed in the upcoming IEEE 802.11e standard. (See 802.11e, WMM).

R



RADIUS: Remote Access Dial-Up User Service. A standard technology used by many major corporations to protect access to wireless networks. RADIUS is a user name and password scheme that enables only approved users to access the network; it does not affect or encrypt data. The first time a user wants access to the network, secure files or net locations, he or she must input his or her name and password and submit it over the network to the RADIUS server. The server then verifies that the individual has an account and, if so, ensures that the person uses the correct password before she or he can get on the network. RADIUS can be set up to provide different access levels or classes of access. For example, one level can provide blanket access to the Internet; another can provide access to the Internet as well as to e-mail communications; yet another account class can provide access to the Net, email and the secure business file server. Like other sophisticated security technologies, RADIUS comes in a variety of types and levels. (See EAP, WPA, WPA2).



Range: The effective distance of for a wireless transmission. Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n devices typically have a range of up to 200 meters and can cover an entire home with a strong Wi-Fi signal. Another benefit of 802.11n technology is much better coverage. Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n devices use "reflections" of the signal (from walls, etc.) to strengthen it and eliminate cold or weak spots in the signal.



RC4: An encryption cipher designed RSA Data Security. It allows key lengths up to 1024 bits and is a component in many encryption schemes, including SSL, WEP, and TKIP. (See SSL, WEP, TKIP).



Repeater: A wireless repeater is a device that extends the coverage of an existing access point by relaying its signal. A wireless repeater does not do intelligent routing performed by wireless bridges and routers.



Residential gateway: A wireless device that allows multiple devices accessing a home network, including PCs and peripherals to access the Internet and communicate with one another. (See gateway).




RFID: Radio Frequency Identification. An electronic identification technology that uses radio frequency signals to read identifying data contained in tags on equipment and merchandise. An alternative to bar codes.


Roaming: The ability to move seamlessly from one area of Wi-Fi or cellular phone coverage to another with no loss in connectivity. Roaming also refers to the ability to wirelessly connect to the Internet from different hotspots without confronting the array of schemes used by different providers to authorize use and track billing. Roaming agreements among providers allow mobile professionals to a single authentication and authorization scheme to have all charges resolved to a single bill. (See hotspot).


Rogue: An unauthorized access point installed on a company's WLAN, typically by a user. Rogue access points present security risks. They rarely conform to the organization's security policies and, typically, no security at all is enabled on them. Rogues present open, insecure interfaces to the company's network. (See intrusion detection).


Router: A wireless router is device that accepts connections from wireless devices to a network and includes a network firewall for security, and provides local network addresses. (See hub).

S

Security supplicant: Client software that coordinates authentication and session key creation.

Server: A computer that provides resources or services to other computers and devices on a network. Types of servers can include print servers, Internet servers, mail servers, and DHCP servers. A server can also be combined with a hub or router. (See DHCP, hub, router).




Simultaneous dual-band
: Wi-Fi Access Points with concurrent operation can transmit on both 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz frequency bands at the same time. Sometimes referred to as concurrent operation or concurrent dual-band.


Single-band: Describes a wireless product that communicates using only a single radio frequency band, such as 2.4GHz or 5GHz in Wi-Fi products.




Single-stream: Term to describe a wireless device that communicates with a network by using a single communications input and output transmission.



Site survey: A comprehensive facility study performed by network managers to insure that planned service levels will be met when a new wireless LAN, or additional WLAN segments to an existing network, are deployed. Site survey's are usually performed by a radio frequency engineer and used by systems integrators to identify the optimum placements of access points to insure that planned levels of service are met. Site surveys are sometimes conducted following the deployment to insure that the WLAN is achieving the necessary level of coverage. Site surveys can also be used to detect rogue access points. (See intrusion detection, rogue).

Sniffer: A software program that monitors network traffic. Sniffers can capture data being transmitted on a network and are sometimes used illegitimately to hack a network.


SOHO: Small office/home office. The term describes an office or business with ten or fewer computers and/or employees.



Spatial stream: A data transmission in a wireless network. A spatial stream might be compared to a lane on a highway. MIMO technology makes use of multiple spatial streams to increase a device's transmission capacity.



SSID: A unique 32-character network name, or identifier, that differentiates one wireless LAN from another. All access points and clients attempting to connect to a specific WLAN must use the same SSID. The SSID can be any alphanumeric entry up to a maximum of 32 characters. (See ESSID, network name).


SSL: SSL-Secured Sockets Layer. A protocol used to secure Internet communications. SSL is commonly used to encrypt transactions on online retail and banking. SSL encrypts the exchange of information between a user's browser and Web server so only the intended parties can read it. When an SSL session begins, the server sends its public key to the browser. The browser then sends a randomly generated secret key back to the server in order to have a secret key exchange for that session. (See RC4).


Subnetwork, or subnet: An IP address range that is part of a larger address range. Subnets are used to subdivide a network address of a larger network into smaller networks. Subnets connect to other networks through a router. Each individual wireless LAN will typically use the same subnet for all of its clients. (See IP address, router).


Switch: A type of hub that controls device usage to prevent data collisions and insures optimal network performance. A switch acts as a network traffic cop: Rather than transmitting all the packets it receives to all ports, as a hub does, a switch transmits packets to only the receiving port. (See hub).



Switchable operation: The capability of a dual-band device to be manually changed between two frequency bands, either 2.4MHz or 5MHz for operation. Contrasts with concurrent operation, in which a device supports both 2.4 and 5 at the same time. See also dual-band, single-band.

T



TCP: Transmission Control Protocol. The Transport level protocol used with the Internet Protocol (IP) to route data across the Internet. (See IP, TCP/IP).





TCP/IP: The underlying technology of Internet communications. While IP handles the actual delivery of data, TCP tracks the data packets to efficiently route a message through the Internet. Every computer in a TCP/IP network has its own IP address that is either dynamically assigned at startup (See DHCP) or permanently assigned as a static address. All TCP/IP messages contain the address of the destination network, as well as the address of the destination station. This enables TCP/IP messages to be transmitted to multiple networks (subnets) within an organization or worldwide. For example, when a user downloads a web page, TCP divides the page file on the web server into packets, numbers the packets, and forwards them individually to the user's IP address. The packets may be routed along different paths before reaching the user's address. At the destination, TCP reassembles the individual packets, waiting until they have all arrived to present them as a single file. (See IP, IP address, packet, TCP).



Throughput: Usually measured in bps, Kbps, Mbps or Gbps, throughput is the amount of data that can be sent from one location to another in a specific amount of time. (See bps, Mbps).


TLS: Transport Layer Security. A newer version of the SSL protocol, It supports more cryptographic algorithms than SSL. TLS is designed to authenticate and encrypt data communications, preventing eavesdropping, message forgery and interference. (See EAP, SSL).

V



Voice over Wi-Fi: VoIP services delivered over Wi-Fi networks. Sometimes referred to as wireless voice over IP. (See IP telephony, VoIP).



VoIP: Voice over Internet Protocol. A technology for transmitting ordinary telephone calls over the Internet using packet-based networks instead of standard public switched telephone networks or Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS). (See IP telephony, Voice over Wi-Fi).




VPN: Virtual Private Network. A network layer encryption scheme that allows remote clients to securely connect to their corporate networks using the Internet. Most major corporations today use VPN to protect their remote-access workers and their connections. It works by creating a secure virtual "tunnel" from the end-user's computer through the end-user's access point or gateway, through the Internet, all the way to the corporation's servers and systems. It also works for wireless networks and can effectively protect transmissions from Wi-Fi equipped computers to corporate servers and systems.

W

WAN: Wide Area Network (WLAN). A data communications network that spans large local, regional, national or international areas and is usually provided by a public carrier (such as a telephone company or service provider).The term is used to distinguish between phone-based data networks and Wi-Fi networks. Phone networks are considered WANs and Wi-Fi networks are considered Wireless Local Area Networks. (See LAN, WMAN, WPAN).


WEP: The original security standard used in Wi-Fi networks to encrypt network traffic. Users should not use WEP devices for any sensitive data transmission, as there are well-known vulnerabilities in this very old form of security. If any devices on a network only support WEP, the entire network is vulnerable. (See WPA, WPA2).



Wi-Fi CERTIFIED 802.11n draft 2.0
: Certification mark owned and assigned by the Wi-Fi Alliance prior to the finalization of the 802.11n standards. Products which were designated Wi-Fi CERTIFIED 802.11n draft 2.0 are now considered Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n.



Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n
: Certification mark owned and assigned by the Wi-Fi Alliance that indicates a product has successfully passed the testing performed by the Wi-Fi Alliance for interoperability, security and feature performance based upon the IEEE 802.11n standard. Product certification may be identified by the Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n logo on the product or packaging.




Wi-Fi CERTIFIED™
: A certification mark indicating that Wi-Fi products have passed interoperability testing requirements developed and governed by the Wi-Fi Alliance. Only products that have successfully completed the Wi-Fi Alliance's testing programs can bear the Wi-Fi CERTIFIED^TM mark. (See Wi-Fi Interoperability Certificate).


Wi-Fi Direct™
: Wi-Fi Direct is a certification mark for products that include a revolutionary technology advancement that can create connections between Wi-Fi devices anywhere, at any time, with or without a connection to a traditional Wi-Fi network. Wi-Fi Direct-certified devices connect directly, so you can do things like share, synch or transfer content, play games and chat. You don't need an access point or internet connection to use it - the connection lives inside your Wi-Fi Direct devices, and goes with you wherever you go.


Wi-Fi Interoperability Certificate
: A statement that a product has passed the Wi-Fi Alliance's interoperability testing and has been certified under the Wi-Fi CERTIFIED^TM certification program for interoperability with other products that have also been certified under the Wi-Fi CERTIFIED^TM certification program. (See Wi-Fi CERTIFIED).


Wi-Fi n or Wireless n
: Descriptions a manufacturer may give a product to indicate that the product contains some features of 802.11n. This does not indicate that the product is Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n, which is the only indication that a product has passed Wi-Fi Alliance testing to the 802.11n standard.




Wi-Fi Protected Setup™
: Wi-Fi Protected Setup™ is the Wi-Fi Alliance's certification mark indicating that products have successfully completed testing to ensure that they comply with standards developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance for easy set up of security-enabled Wi-Fi networks in home and small office environments. Products certified under the Wi-Fi Protected Setup^™ program support methods (pushing a button or entering a PIN into a wizard-type application) that are familiar to most consumers to configure a network and enable security.




Wi-Fi ZONE™
: A certification program of the Wi-Fi Alliance® that allows users to easily identify public hotspot locations that have Wi-Fi connectivity available. The program allows customers from anywhere in the world to look for a single Wi-Fi ZONE brand. The Wi-Fi ZONE logo assures users that they will be able to get a fast, reliable Internet connection in a coffee shop, hotel, airport, convention center or other public venue. (See hotspot).



Wi-Fi®: A certification mark developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance to indicate that wireless local area network (WLAN) products are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards.



WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. Refers to the 802.16 standard being developed by the IEEE to provide a wireless coverage of up to 31 miles. It operates in the 2 to 11 GHz bands and enables connectivity without a direct line-of-sight to a base station although line-of-site is probably required to achieve connectivity at the distance of 31 miles.. It provides shared data rates up to 70 Mbps, which, according to WiMAX proponents, is enough bandwidth to simultaneously support more than 60 businesses and hundreds of homes. (See WMAN).



Wireless network: Devices connected to a network using a centralized wireless access point. (See WLAN).


WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network. A type of local-area network in which data is sent and received via high-frequency radio waves rather than cables or wires. (See LAN, wireless network).



WMAN: Wireless Metropolitan Area Network-A wireless data network that is comparable to a cell phone network in that users throughout a metropolitan area can freely access the Internet. WiMAX technology provides the basis of WMAN networks. (See WiMAX).



WMM® Power Save

: WMM Power Save is a set of features for Wi-Fi networks that increase the efficiency and flexibility of data transmission in order to conserve power. WMM Power Save has been optimized for mobile devices running latency-sensitive applications such as voice, audio, or video, but can benefit any Wi-Fi device. WMM Power Save uses mechanisms included in the IEEE 802.11e standard and is an enhancement of IEEE 802.11 legacy power save. With WMM Power Save, the same amount of data can be transmitted in a shorter time while allowing the Wi-Fi device to remain longer in a low-power "dozing" state.


WMM®
: The WMM® mark indicates that a product has successfully completed testing under the Wi-Fi Alliance's Wi-Fi Multimedia™ certification program for multimedia features that improve the user experience for audio, video and voice applications. In order to qualify for WMM certification, a product must implement multimedia features based on a subset of the IEEE 802.11e QoS draft standard, which add prioritized capabilities to wireless networks and optimize their performance when multiple concurring applications - each with different latency and throughput requirements - compete for network resources. By using products certified under the WMM program, end-user satisfaction is maintained in a wider variety of environments and traffic conditions. Products that qualify for WMM certification make it possible for home network users and enterprise network managers to decide which data streams are most important and assign them a higher traffic priority. (See 802.11e, QoS).



WPA2™
: The Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 and WPA2 marks indicate that a product has successfully completed testing under the Wi-Fi Alliance's Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 certification program for wireless network security features. The features tested and certified through the WPA2 program provide stronger data protection and network access control that the features tested and certified through the WPA program. They provide enterprise and consumer Wi-Fi users with a high level of assurance that only authorized users can access their wireless networks. Based on the ratified IEEE 802.11i standard, the advanced security protocol provides government grade security by implementing the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FIPS 140-2 compliant AES encryption algorithm and 802.1X-based authentication. There are two versions of certification available through the WPA2 program: WPA2-Personal, and WPA2-Enterprise. WPA2-Personal certifies a standard that protects unauthorized network access by utilizing a set-up password. WPA2-Enterprise certifies a standard that verifies network users through a server. The standard certified through WPA2 is backward compatible with the standard certified through WPA. Like the standard certified through WPA, the standard certified through WPA2 uses the 802.1X/EAP framework as part of the infrastructure that ensures centralized mutual authentication and dynamic key management and offers a pre-shared key for use in home and small office environments. This advanced security protocol is designed to secure all versions of 802.11 devices, including 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g, multi-band and multi-mode. (See WPA2-Enterprise, WPA2-Personal).



WPA2™- Enterprise
: The Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 - Enterprise mark indicates that a product has successfully completed testing under the Wi-Fi Alliance's Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 certification program and meets the criteria established to ensure stronger data protection for multiple users and large managed networks. These criteria prevent unauthorized network access by verifying network users through an authentication server. (See WPA2).




WPA2™-Personal
: The Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 - Personal mark indicates that a product has successfully completed testing under the Wi-Fi Alliance's Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 certification program and meets the criteria established to ensure stronger data protection and prevent unauthorized network access for small networks. (See WPA2, PSK).

Connect to and Learn About WiMAX

Issue 1:

What is WiMAX?

WiMAX is a next generation wireless network communications technology. WiMAX is similar to Wi-Fi, except that WiMAX provides high-speed, broadband access at speeds similar to DSL and cable connections over a much larger area. For fixed WiMAX stations, the range of coverage may encompass several square miles. WiMAX networks also enjoy less interference than Wi-Fi.

WiMAX Benefits

You could be in a bus traveling across the city, and remain continuously connected to the internet.
Video conferencing from the park.
Looking up the nearest local bookstore or getting directions to a restaurant while on the move.
Downloading movies while at the soccer field.
Streaming radio and television broadcasts off the Internet.
Staying productive on the road without searching for hotspots.

Issue 2:

Turning WiMAX On and Off

Wi-Fi and WiMAX cannot operate at the same time. When Wi-Fi is connected, turning on WiMAX will disconnect the Wi-Fi.

Click Start: (in Windows® Vista® or Windows 7),

start

(in Windows® XP).
Click All Programs.
Click Intel PROSet Wireless.
Click WiMAX Connection Utility.
Click the radio button to the left of WiMAX On or WiMAX Off.

In Microsoft® Windows Vista® or Windows 7 it may be necessary to right-click the WiMAX icon and select WiFi On to regain Wi-Fi connectivity after turning off WiMAX.
Even after turning off WiMAX the Wi-Fi connectivity my not return, it will be necessary to Restart the computer.

Issue 3:

First Time Connection

During your first connection to a WiMAX network, you will open an account with the WiMAX network service provider. Your laptop will connect to a internet portal managed by the network service provider, where you can subscribe for WiMAX service with the provider.
The exact process for registering and subscribing may vary, based on the WiMAX network service provider. Once the subscription process is complete, you will have full access to the internet via WiMAX. There are two kinds of WiMAX networks, known networks and unknown networks. A known network is a pre-activated network: one already recognized by your computer, A known network has a name (for example, Clear Network), and registration and subscription are easy.
Wi-Fi and WiMAX cannot operate at the same time. When Wi-Fi is connected, turning on WiMAX will disconnect the Wi-Fi.
During this process, your firewall may ask for permission to allow communication between the WiMAX activation and provisioning site, and your computer. To complete the activation process, you will need to permit this communication or see Configuring your Firewall.
Make sure the Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility is running, if not or unsure see the Turning WiMAX On and Off section for more information.
Ensure WiMAX is set to On.
- After a short interval, a known network (for example, Clear Network) should be listed under Networks available to connect. If a known network is not listed, click Search for Networks, this will perform a fast search. When a known network is not listed after the search completes, see:
  Making a Connection with a Unknown WiMAX Network
Choose a network and connect to it, either by double-clicking it, or by selecting it and then clicking Connect.
- The icon shows when connected to the WiMAX network.
Open your Internet browser.

Issue 4:

Making a Connection with a Unknown WiMAX Network

When no networks are listed, check the following website to determine if WiMAX is available near you, Clear.com .
Choose a unknown network and connect to it, either by double-clicking it, or by selecting it and then clicking Connect.
- The icon shows when connected to the WiMAX network.
Open your Internet browser, and follow the instructions to subscribe and activate an account.

Issue 5:

Configuring your Firewall

For communication to work on the WiMAX network, a specific port has to be open, namely, port number 2948.

Click one of the three Operating Systems below for instruction on how to open a port in the windows firewall:

<p>Dell Support could not identify your operating system.</p>

Refer to (Table 1) for links to the most common brands of firewalls for instructions on how to open a port.

Firewall Vendor	Web Site
McAfee	http://mcafee.com/us/
Norton (Symantec)	http://www.symantec.com/norton/index.jsp
Norton (Symantec)	www.citizen-systems.com
SyGate	http://smb.sygate.com
ZoneAlarm	www.zonealarm.com

Table 1: Most Common Brands of Firewalls

Issue 6:

Connecting to a Home Network

When going to a new city or area, the WiMAX service provider in your previous location (your home network) may also be listed in your new area. If your home network is not listed in your new location, you will need to activate service with a new service provider in the new area, just as you did for the first WiMAX network service provider. To do this, see First Time Connection.

Activating service with a new WiMAX network service provider does not cancel or change the agreement you have with your current service provider.

Make sure the Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection
Utility is running, if not or unsure
Ensure WiMAX is set to On.
- After a short interval, a Home network should be listed under Networks available to connect. When a Home network is not listed, click Search for Networks, this will perform a fast search. When a Home network is still not listed after the search completes,or check the following website to determine if WiMAX is available near you, Clear.com .
Choose a network and connect to it, either by double-clicking it, or by selecting it and then clicking Connect.
- The icon shows when connected to the WiMAX network.
Open your Internet browser.

Issue 7:

Searching for WiMAX Networks

Make sure the Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility is running,
Ensure WiMAX is set to On.

When the message The hardware radio switch is off. To connect turn on the hardware radio switch appears,

Fast search

Click Search for Networks, this will perform a fast search.

Exhaustive search

Click Options.
Click Search for Networks (Exhaustive), this will perform a exhaustive search.
On the Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX window, click Yes.

Issue 8:

Automatic/Manual Connection

The Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility is set by default for manual connection. This means that to connect to a WiMAX home network, you must select it in the Networks available to connect list and click Connect (or double-click on the network).

You can configure the utility to perform automatic connection to the first available home network. This means that whenever you turn on the laptop, the utility will connect to that network (unless you are of range).

Click Options.
Click Preferences.
Click the Connection tab.
Select Turn on auto connect mode.
Click Save.

Issue 9:

Disconnecting from WiMAX

On the main window, Click Disconnect.

Issue 10:

Unsubscribing to WiMAX

To unsubscribe from a WiMAX service provider, you need to contact the service provider. You cannot unsubscribe using the Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility.

Issue 11:

Receiving WiMAX Updates

Periodically, your network service provider may need to update your WiMAX connection settings or your WiMAX software. The Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility will prompt with the following message:

"WiMAX updates are available. These updates are critical for normal operation of WiMAX. Download the updates now?"

Click Yes.

Issue 12:

Error Messages and Troubleshooting

Not Connected

You are currently not connected to a WiMAX network.

This message does not imply an error, but only that you are not connected and there are no home networks available to connect to.

You can perform a fast network search, which searches for previously connected networks, or an exhaustive network search, which searches for all WiMAX networks, including networks that you have not previously connected to.

Note:

An exhaustive network search may take several minutes and will consume more power than a fast search.

Unable to Connect to the Network

This may be for one of the following reasons:

You are in an area where WiMAX signal strength is poor. Check the signal strength indicator; the number of green bars increases with greater signal strength and decreases with less. To reconnect to WiMAX, move to an area of greater signal strength.
You are in an area where WiMAX signal quality is poor. You may be too close to a wireless access point or microwave oven, both of which can interfere with your WiMAX connection. Make sure such devices are located at least 7ft (2 meters) from your WiMAX adapter.
You turned on the Wi-Fi radio. WiMAX and Wi-Fi cannot operate at the same time. Turning On the Wi-Fi radio will disconnect your WiMAX connection, and, turning on WiMAX will disconnect your Wi-Fi connection, for more information on how to turn WiMAX on refer to the WiMAX is Off section.
You turned off the WiMAX hardware radio switch. On some laptops, a WiMAX hardware radio switch lets you turn On or Off WiMAX radio. If present, turn the WiMAX hardware radio switch back on,
Service from your WiMAX network service provider has been interrupted

WiMAX is Off

Click Start: (in Windows® Vista® or Windows 7),

start

(in Windows® XP).
Click All Programs.
Click Intel PROSet Wireless.
Click WiMAX Connection Utility.
Click the radio button to the left of WiMAX On.

Another Utility is Managing the WiMAX Adapter

The WiMAX utility cannot manage the WiMAX adapter while another utility is also managing the WiMAX adapter and will need to be closed.

Not Ready

Download and install the latest drivers for your WiMAX adapter installed in your computer

Note:

The drivers are located in the Network category.

The Radio Hardware Switch is Off

Make sure the wireless switch is on.

Can't Find any Networks

Have the Intel PROSet WiMAX Utility Do an Exhaustive Search

Click Options.
Click Search for Networks (Exhaustive), this will perform a exhaustive search.
On the Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX window, click Yes.
When any WiMAX networks appear connect to it, either by double-clicking it, or by selecting it and then clicking Connect.

Contact the WiMAX Service Provider to Determine if Within an Area of Coverage

When no networks are found you can use following website to determine if WiMAX is available near you or how to contact your service provider for additional assistance,

The Intel PROSet WiMAX Utility Will Not Start

Download and install the latest drivers for your WiMAX adapter installed in your computer

Note:

The drivers are located in the Network category.

The Intel PROSet WiMAX Utility is Not Listed

Download and install the latest drivers for your WiMAX adapter installed in your compute

Note:

The drivers are located in the Network category.

The Connection is Slow or Drops

This may be for one of the following reasons:

You are in an area where WiMAX signal strength is poor. Check the signal strength indicator; the number of green bars increases with greater signal strength and decreases with less. To reconnect to WiMAX, move to an area of greater signal strength.
You are in an area where WiMAX signal quality is poor. You may be too close to a wireless access point or microwave oven, both of which can interfere with your WiMAX connection. Make sure such devices are located at least 7ft (2 meters) from your WiMAX adapter.
You turned on the Wi-Fi radio. WiMAX and Wi-Fi cannot operate at the same time. Turning On the Wi-Fi radio will disconnect your WiMAX connection, and, turning on WiMAX will disconnect your Wi-Fi connection, for more information on how to turn WiMAX on refer to the WiMAX is Off section.
You turned off the WiMAX hardware radio switch. On some laptops, a WiMAX hardware radio switch lets you turn On or Off WiMAX radio. If present, turn the WiMAX hardware radio switch back on, for more information on how to turn the hardware radio switch on refer to the The Radio Hardware Switch is Off section
Service from your WiMAX network service provider has been interrupted.

Can't Connect to a Wi-Fi Connection

Wi-Fi and WiMAX cannot operate at the same time. When Wi-Fi is connected, turning on WiMAX will disconnect the Wi-Fi.

Click Start: (in Windows® Vista® or Windows 7),

start

(in Windows® XP).
Click All Programs.
Click Intel PROSet Wireless.
Click WiMAX Connection Utility.
Click the radio button to the left of WiMAX Off.

In Microsoft® Windows Vista® it may be necessary to right-click the WiMAX icon and select WiFi On to regain Wi-Fi connectivity after turning off WiMAX.
Even after turning off WiMAX the Wi-Fi connectivity my not return, it will be necessary to Restart the computer.

The WiMAX Software Stops Responding

For repair instructions, follow the instructions in the section below that matches the Start button on the computer (located in the lower left corner).

start

(Windows XP)

Save any work open and close all programs.
Click the Start button, then click Control Panel.
Double-click Add or Remove Programs.
Click Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Software.
Click Click here for support information.
Click Repair.
When the process is completed, click Close.

(Windows Vista or Windows 7)

Save any work open and close all programs.
Click the Start button, and then click Control Panel.
Click Classic View in the upper left-hand corner.
Double-click Programs and Features.
Click Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Software.
Click Repair above the listings of the installed programs..
Click Repair.
- The User Account Control window may appear. If so, click Allow.
The process is completed when the Intel(R) PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Software window closes.

The WiMAX Adapter Still Will Not Connect

Make sure to have performed the following steps listed below:

(For more information on how to perform these step refer to the links above.)

Make sure the wireless switch on the computer is on.
Make sure to select whether you want the WiMAX radio on or the Wi-Fi radio.
Make sure the computer is in a area of WiMAX coverage.
Make sure your account is active.
Reset the WiMAX adapter:
1. Open the Intel PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility.
2. Click Options.
3. Click Advanced.
4. Click the Adapter tab.
5. Click Reset WiMAX Adapter.
Restore to Factory Default Settings:
1. Open the Intel PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility.
2. Click Options.
3. Click Advanced.
4. Click the Troubleshooting tab.
5. Click Restore Factory Default Settings.

After performing the troubleshooting steps outlined above and the WiMAX adapter still will not connect,

Option 2

The Intel WiMAX 6250 Adapter is Installed

Issue 1:

What is WiMAX?

WiMAX Benefits

You could be in a bus traveling across the city, and remain continuously connected to the internet.
Video conferencing from the park.
Looking up the nearest local bookstore or getting directions to a restaurant while on the move.
Downloading movies while at the soccer field.
Streaming radio and television broadcasts off the Internet.
Staying productive on the road without searching for hotspots.

Issue 2:

Turning WiMAX On and Off

Wi-Fi and WiMAX cannot operate at the same time. When Wi-Fi is connected, turning on WiMAX will disconnect the Wi-Fi.

Click Start: (in Windows® Vista® or Windows 7),

start

(in Windows® XP).
Click All Programs.
Click Intel PROSet Wireless.
Click WiMAX Connection Utility.
Click the radio button to the left of WiMAX On or WiMAX Off.

In Microsoft® Windows Vista® or Windows 7 it may be necessary to right-click the WiMAX icon and select WiFi On to regain Wi-Fi connectivity after turning off WiMAX.
Even after turning off WiMAX the Wi-Fi connectivity my not return, it will be necessary to Restart the computer.

Issue 3:

Subscribing for WiMAX Service

To enjoy the benefits of WiMAX, you need to open an account with the WiMAX network service provider. Registration and subscription are easy. After subscription is complete, that service provider's network will become your preferred network, meaning that your computer will connect to it first whenever you decide to connect to WiMAX. The Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility will always prefer to connect to your last connected network. However, you can choose to connect to any available WiMAX network.

Before you can subscribe to any network, you may need to configure your computer's firewall. The subscription process requires open, two-way communication between your laptop computer and the WiMAX network.

Note:

WiFi and WiMAX cannot operate at the same time. If WiFi is connected, turning on WiMAX will disconnect WiFi. You should now close any WiFi connections.

If a program other than Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility is managing your WiMAX adapter, you need to remove that program from the computer. Then reboot the computer.

To subscribe to a WiMAX network:

Click Start: (in Windows® Vista® or Windows 7),

start

(in Windows® XP).
Click All Programs.
Click Intel PROSet Wireless.
Click WiMAX Connection Utility.
Click WiMAX: On.
Choose a network and connect to it, either by double-clicking it or by selecting it and then clicking Connect.
(The icon shows when connected to the WiMAX network).

Note:
During this process, your firewall application may ask your permission to allow communication between the WiMAX service provider's web site and your computer. To complete the activation process, you will need to allow this communication.
After connection to the network is made, the following pop-up message will be displayed:
- You are connected to <Network Name>. If you have not subscribed for WiMAX service with <Network Name>, you will need to. The subscription web page should open automatically. If not, Click here to open it.
- You may need to configure your personal firewall to allow access. Click here for more information (the WiMAX Connection Utility Help window will open to the Configuring the Firewall section).

If a subscription web page does not open automatically, click the link in the message to open it, or manually open a web browser. Your laptop will connect to a web page where you can subscribe for WiMAX service with the provider. The exact process for registering and subscribing varies, based on the WiMAX service provider. You will be prompted through this short process. Once the subscription process is complete, you will have full access to the internet via WiMAX

Issue 4:

Connecting to a New WiMAX Network

There may be a time when you want to connect to a WiMAX network that you have not connected with before. For example if you take your laptop to a new city or area, the WiMAX service provider in your previous location (your preferred network) may not be available. To connect to a new network, you will need to activate service with a new service provider, just as you did for the first WiMAX network service provider. NOTE: Activating service with a new WiMAX network service provider does not cancel or change the agreement you have with your current service provider.

Issue 5:

Configuring your Firewall

For communication to work on the WiMAX network, a specific port has to be open, namely, port number 2948.

Click one of the three Operating Systems below for instruction on how to open a port in the windows firewall:

<p>Dell Support could not identify your operating system.</p>

Refer to (Table 1) for links to the most common brands of firewalls for instructions on how to open a port.

Firewall Vendor	Web Site
McAfee	http://mcafee.com/us/
Norton (Symantec)	http://www.symantec.com/norton/index.jsp
Norton (Symantec)	www.citizen-systems.com
SyGate	http://smb.sygate.com
ZoneAlarm	www.zonealarm.com

Table 1: Most Common Brands of Firewalls

Issue 6:

Connecting to Your WiMAX Network

The Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility will always prefer to connect to your last connected network. However, you can choose to connect to any available WiMAX network, and you can subscribe to more than one network service provider at a time.

The connection utility always remembers the last network you connected to, and if it is available, displays that network in the status area.

To connect to your preferred network:

Click Start: (in Windows® Vista® or Windows 7),

start

(in Windows® XP).
Click All Programs.
Click Intel PROSet Wireless.
Click WiMAX Connection Utility.
Click WiMAX: On.
Click Connect.
(The icon shows when connected to the WiMAX network).

Issue 7:

Connecting to Another Subscribed Network

The Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility will always search for and list your preferred network, the network that you last connected to. However, you may have subscriptions to more than one network service provider. To connect to another network service provider:

On the main window, click the Expand icon.
Click Search for Networks. The utility will search for all networks. This includes your current preferred network, networks you have connected to in the past, and new networks. This search may take about 45 seconds, and the results are displayed as each network is detected. Progress is indicated by the blue progress bar. You are not required to wait for the search to complete before connecting; see the next step.
To connect to another subscribed network, select it and click Connect. Or just double-click the network. This WiMAX network now becomes your preferred network.
(The icon shows when connected to the WiMAX network).

Issue 8:

Searching for WiMAX Networks

There are two types of network searches:

Search for Your Preferred Network

Make sure the Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility is running, if not or unsure see the Turning WiMAX On and Off section for more information.
Ensure WiMAX is set to On.

When the message The hardware radio switch is off. To connect turn on the hardware radio switch appears

When WiMAX is turned on and you are not connected to a WiMAX network, the Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility automatically searches for your preferred network (your last connected network). When your preferred network is found, the utility stops searching and you are invited to connect.
If your preferred network is not found, a message indicates so: <Network name> is not available to connect.
The utility will continue to periodically search. However you can begin an immediate search for your preferred network at any time. To do so, click Search on the main window. The search starts and as soon as your network is found, the search stops and you are invited to connect. Clicking Search only searches for your preferred network.
If you started the search by pressing the Search button, then you can also stop this search at any time; simply click Stop Search.
If you want to connect to a network other than your current preferred network, you can perform a Search for All WiMAX Networks.

Search for All WiMAX Networks

If you want to connect to a network other than your current preferred network, you can perform a search for all WiMAX networks.
To search for all WiMAX networks:

On the main window, click the Expand

icon.

Click Search for Networks.

A blue progress bar indicates search progress, and networks are listed as they are detected. From the networks list, you can select a network to connect to. You should only need to perform a search for all networks if you have not yet activated a WiMAX network for your computer, or if you are in a different city or area where you have not activated service and a preferred network has not been detected.
You can stop a search that you have started anytime. To stop a search, click Stop Search. As the search discovers networks, they are added to the network list. Any network that you have connected with before is identified with this icon:

This icon doesn't mean that you have an active subscription with this network service provider; it only means that you have connected with this network before.
To connect to a network in the list, either double-click on it, or select it and click Connect. If you do not have a subscription with the WiMAX network service provider, then when you open an internet browser, your laptop will connect to a portal where you can subscribe for WiMAX service with that provider. The exact process for registering and subscribing may vary, based on the service provider. Once the subscription process is complete, you will have access to the internet via WiMAX.

Note:

During this process, your firewall application may ask your permission to allow communication between the WiMAX activation and provisioning site, and your computer. To complete the activation process, you will need to permit this communication.

Issue 9:

Automatic Reonnection

If your laptop computer is connected to WiMAX, but then becomes disconnected, perhaps due to a poor signal or another problem, the Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility will continually try to reconnect to the WiMAX network you were last connected to. Conversely, whenever you intentionally disconnect from WiMAX, the Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility will close that connection and leave it closed until you reconnect to WiMAX

Issue 10:

Disconnecting from a WiMAX Network

When you intentionally disconnect from WiMAX, the Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility will close that connection and leave it closed until you reconnect to WiMAX.

On the Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility main window, Click Disconnect.

Issue 11:

Unsubscribing from a
WiMAX Network Service Provider

To unsubscribe from a WiMAX service provider, you need to contact the service provider. You cannot unsubscribe using the Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility. Your service provider's support web site may be listed in Support under Help.

Issue 12:

Receiving WiMAX Updates

Periodically, your network service provider may need to update your WiMAX software. The Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility will prompt you with the following message:

"WiMAX updates are available. These updates are critical for normal operation of WiMAX. Download the updates now?"

Click Yes (If you click Remind me later, you will be prompted again, later).

After clicking Yes, the WiMAX updates will be downloaded. A blue bar will indicate progress. You should not turn off WiMAX or disconnect from WiMAX while the updates are being downloaded, or the download will not complete.

Once the download has completed, the following message will appear: "The WiMAX updates have been downloaded. Installation will being in 20 seconds."

Click OK to begin installation immediately. Otherwise, installation will begin after 20 seconds.

Issue 13:

Reconnecting to a WiMAX Network

When you intentionally disconnect from WiMAX, the Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility will close that connection and leave it closed until you reconnect to WiMAX.
The connection utility always remembers the last network you connected to, and if it is available, displays that network in the status area. To connect to your preferred network:

Click Connect.

Issue 14:

Status Messages

Searching for <Network Name>

This message is displayed when the adapter is searching for your preferred network. If you started the search by pressing the Search button, then you can also stop this search at any time; simply click Stop Search.

<Network Name> is available to connect

This message tells you that the named network is available to connect. Click Connect to connect to it.

Connecting: to <Network Name>

This message indicates that you are connecting to the indicated network. The icon changes (animates) during the connection process.

Connected to: <Network Name>

You are connected to a WiMAX network.

Back to Top

Acquiring network address...

The adapter is acquiring the IP address. This is necessary for normal network communications. The address should be acquired quickly and your connection should be functioning shortly. If an IP address cannot be acquired, an error message will be displayed.

<Network Name> is not available to connect

Connection to your preferred network was not possible. The last search for your preferred network failed to find the network. This may be because you are outside of the network service provider's coverage area. To correct this, move inside the coverage area. Click Search to search immediately for your preferred network. You can also click the Expand icon to view the full window. Then click Search for Networks to view a list of all available WiMAX networks.

Not Connected

This status message displays when you the utility is running a search for all networks.

You are currently not connected to a WiMAX network.

This message does not imply an error, but only that a search for all networks is in progress and none have yet been found.

<N> WiMAX networks are available to connect

This status message displays when more than one network has been found. You can select a network from the list and click Connect to connect to it, our just double-click on the network.

No WiMAX Networks are Available to Connect

No WiMAX networks are available to connect to. Your last connected network was not found. To search for available networks, click Search for Networks.

When no networks are found you can use following website to determine if WiMAX is available near you or contact your service provider for additional assistance,

WiMAX is Off

Click Start: Microsoft® Windows Vista®.

(in Windows® Vista® or Windows 7),

start

(in Windows® XP).

Click All Programs.

Click Intel PROSet Wireless.

Click WiMAX Connection Utility.

Click the radio button to the left of WiMAX On.

The Radio Hardware Switch is Off

Make sure the wireless switch is on.

Another Utility is Managing the WiMAX Adapter

The WiMAX utility cannot manage the WiMAX adapter while another utility is also managing the WiMAX adapter and will need to be closed.

The WiMAX updates are being downloaded...

This message is displayed after you have agreed to allow WiMAX software updates to be downloaded to your computer. The updates will occur occasionally, and are required for normal WiMAX operation. A blue bar indicates progress of the download. You should not disconnect from the network or turn WiMAX off while the update is in progress.

WiMAX is Not Ready

This message indicates that the WiMAX adapter on your computer is not ready.

Download and install the latest software and drivers for your WiMAX adapter installed in your computer

Note:

The drivers are located in the Network category.

WiMAX has limited or no connectivity

This message is displayed when the WiMAX adapter does not have a valid IP address. Normal network communication is not possible without an IP address. Try the following methods to resolve this problem:

Disconnect from the network. Wait a few seconds and then try to reconnect to the WiMAX network.

Reboot the computer. After the reboot is complete, be sure WiMAX is turned on. Then try to connect to the WiMAX network.

Contact support for this network service provider. Your service provider's support web site may be listed in Support under Help.

Initializing the application...

If you double-click the WiMAX Connection Utility taskbar icon immediately after turning on your computer, you may briefly see this message. This indicates that the WiMAX Connection Utility is starting up and will be available shortly.

Tray Icon Status Indicators

The WiMAX tray icon is located on the lower-right corner of your desktop (The WiMAX icon may be hidden, click the Show hidden icons arrow to show any hidden icons.)

This icon changes to show you the current state of WiMAX, refer to Table 1 for explanation of what the icon means.

WiMAX Tray Icon	Status
	Available networks: WiMAX networks are available for connection. This icon is only displayed if you are not connected to a WiMAX network and networks are available. Double-click the icon to open the Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility.
	Connecting: When the adapter is connecting to a network this icon shows.
	Searching: When the adapter is searching, this icon shows. Click on the icon to learn more information.
	Connected: You are connected. The icon shows the signal quality for the current WiMAX connection.
	Wireless radio is turned off: You are not connected. The utility also cannot search for available networks. This may be because the WiMAX On/Off button is turned off, or the hardware radio switch on your computer (if present) is turned off, or both. Click on the icon to learn more information.
	No WiMAX networks are available: A search has been performed and no networks are available in the area. Click on the icon to learn more information.
	Problem: A problem exists. WiMAX cannot be used until the problem has been corrected. Click on the icon to learn more information.

Table 1:WiMAX Tray Icon Status Indicators

Issue 15:

Intel PROSet WiMAX Utility Troubleshooting

Unable to Connect to the Network

This may be for one of the following reasons:

You are in an area where WiMAX signal strength is poor. Check the signal strength indicator; the number of green bars increases with greater signal strength and decreases with less. To reconnect to WiMAX, move to an area of greater signal strength. Your service provider's support web site may be listed in Support under Help.
You are in an area where WiMAX signal quality is poor. You may be too close to a wireless access point or microwave oven, both of which can interfere with your WiMAX connection. Make sure such devices are located at least 7ft (2 meters) from your WiMAX adapter.
You turned on the Wi-Fi radio. WiMAX and Wi-Fi cannot operate at the same time. Turning On the Wi-Fi radio will disconnect your WiMAX connection, and, turning on WiMAX will disconnect your Wi-Fi connection, for more information on how to turn WiMAX on refer to the WiMAX is Off section.
You turned off the WiMAX hardware radio switch. On some laptops, a WiMAX hardware radio switch lets you turn On or Off WiMAX radio. If present, turn the WiMAX hardware radio switch back on, for more information on how to turn the hardware radio switch on refer to the The Radio Hardware Switch is Off section
Service from your WiMAX network service provider has been interrupted. Contact your service provider for additional assistance, your service provider's support web site may be listed in Support under Help.

The Intel PROSet WiMAX Utility Will Not Start

Download and install the latest drivers for your WiMAX adapter installed in your computer, for more information

Note:

The drivers are located in the Network category.

The Intel PROSet WiMAX Utility is Not Listed

Download and install the latest drivers for your WiMAX adapter installed in your computer, for more information on how refer to:

Note:

The drivers are located in the Network category.

The Connection is Slow or Drops

You are in an area where WiMAX signal strength is poor. Check the signal strength indicator; the number of green bars increases with greater signal strength and decreases with less. To reconnect to WiMAX, move to an area of greater signal strength. Your service provider's support web site may be listed in Support under Help.

Can't Connect to a Wi-Fi Connection

Wi-Fi and WiMAX cannot operate at the same time. When Wi-Fi is connected, turning on WiMAX will disconnect the Wi-Fi.

Click Start: (in Windows® Vista® or Windows 7),

start

(in Windows® XP).
Click All Programs.
Click Intel PROSet Wireless.
Click WiMAX Connection Utility.
Click the radio button to the left of WiMAX Off.

In Microsoft® Windows Vista® it may be necessary to right-click the WiMAX icon and select WiFi On to regain Wi-Fi connectivity after turning off WiMAX.
Even after turning off WiMAX the Wi-Fi connectivity my not return, it will be necessary to Restart the computer.

The WiMAX Software Stops Responding

For repair instructions, follow the instructions in the section below that matches the Start button on the computer (located in the lower left corner).

start

(Windows XP)

Save any work open and close all programs.
Click the Start button, then click Control Panel.
Double-click Add or Remove Programs.
Click Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Software.
Click, Click here for support information.
Click Repair.
When the process is completed, click Close.

(Windows Vista or Windows 7)

Save any work open and close all programs.
Click the Start button, and then click Control Panel.
Click Classic View in the upper left-hand corner.
Double-click Programs and Features.
Click Intel® PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Software.
Click Repair above the listings of the installed programs..
Click Repair.
- The User Account Control window may appear. If so, click Allow.
The process is completed when the Intel(R) PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Software window closes.

The WiMAX Adapter Still Will Not Connect

Make sure to have performed the following steps listed below:

(For more information on how to perform these step refer to the links above.)

Make sure the wireless switch on the computer is on.

	Note:
	For more information on where the wireless switch is located for your specific computer, browse to the Online User's Guide. Click the make and model of the computer and the preferred language. Download the Setup Guide or User's Guide and refer to the wireless switch information.

Make sure the latest driver is installed,
Make sure to select whether you want the WiMAX radio on or the Wi-Fi radio.
Make sure the computer is in a area of WiMAX coverage.
Make sure your account is active.
Reset the WiMAX adapter:
1. Open the Intel PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility.
2. Click Options.
3. Click Advanced.
4. Click the Adapter tab.
5. Click Reset WiMAX Adapter.
Restore to Factory Default Settings:
1. Open the Intel PROSet/Wireless WiMAX Connection Utility.
2. Click Options.
3. Click Advanced.
4. Click the Troubleshooting tab.
5. Click Restore Factory Default Settings.

After performing the troubleshooting steps outlined above and the WiMAX adapter still will not connect,

Option 3

How to Find Out Which WiMAX
Adapter Is in Your Dell™ Computer

This article provides information on how to identify the Components installed in the computer.

Note:

Look for "WiMAX" and find the model number.

You can also use the Find feature of your browser by clicking Edit, then Find. Enter WiMAX in the text box to find the WiMAX adapter

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