Learn All Networking Concept In Easy Way: Mac Address

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Firmware Upgrading on Macs

Download the router tools and firmware. double the click DrayTek Router Tools.dmg and then the DrayTek Router Tools disk will pop up. double click the disk, the new windows will pop up as next figure.
2.Click the DrayTek Smart Start Wizard
click the Search, the router's IP and Mac Address should be listed. Click ok.
Type the password, and then click the ok.
Click the Next
Click the Browse, the Router Web will shown up
Double click the DrayTek Firmware Upgrade
Click the Browse to specify firmware file location and type the router's IP address
Click the Firmware Upgrade in the router web
Click ok
11.click send in firmware upgrade utility.
You may check the firmware version on the rouer web.

Vigor ADSL Router Troubleshooting Tips

Part 1 - PCs/LAN communicating with Router

Your PC should be connected to the router via a suitable Ethernet (RJ45) cable. Does the appropriate ethernet switch LED (1/2/3/4) light up (green = 100mb/s, Amber = 10mb/s) ? The Vigor2600's Ethernet ports are auto-sensing to speed and cable configuration, so crossover/straight or uplink/normal connections will all be automatically adjusted for.

Every device on your network must an a unique IP address. The router's DHCP server facility will automatically allocate these to your client PCs, assuming that they are set to obtain their details automatically.
The router's own IP address by default is 192.168.1.1 and all local PCs must have an IP address within the same 'subnet' - for example 192.168.1.20 or 192.168.1.66. Only the last octet (and 8 bit binary number, represented in decimal - i.e. the number after the final dot) will vary - this is known as a class C subnet.

winipcfg

ipconfig.exe IP Config

In WindowsXP, you can check your PC's current IP address by opening Network Connections; if you select the LAN connection, the settings will appear on the left of the screen - like in the example below. Here we can see that the Network connection is enabled and that the PC has obtained an IP address of 192.168.1.10 :

You can obtain the same information by right-clicking on the Network Connection's icon in the system tray and selecting 'Status' :

If your PC is not getting an IP address (as described in previous sections), you need to check that your PC's TCP/IP settings are correct. As mentioned earlier, we recommend that you make use of the router's DHCP facility which is enabled by default. From Windows98/Me Control Panel/Network, check your TCP/IP Properties are like this :

For Windows XP, the LAN/Network card setup is very similar to Windows 98/Me, but the screens look a little different. Once your network card (Ethernet 10/100BaseT) is installed, it may be automatically set up correctly by default. You can check the settings from your PC's 'Network Connections' menu :

Select the TCP/IP protocol as shown below and click on 'properties' and then check that Obtain IP address & DNS Automatically are both selected :

For Apple MacOS, to select and enable the DHCP client facility on your computer, the TCP/IP control panel should be set like this for MacOS 8/9 and X respectively :

Once the addresses have been allocated by the router, they will appear in the screen above.

If you are not using DHCP (i.e. 'Obtain IP Address Automatically' as shown above) then you must manually give your PCs an IP address. This address must be within the same subnet as the router's own LAN IP address. This means that if the router is 192.168.1.1, then the other PCs must be numbered 192.168.1.nnn where 'nnn' is a number from 2 to 254. Additionally, each PC must have the 'Default Gateway' and 'DNS Server Address' set to the router's IP address (192.168.1.1 unless you changed it). None of this is necessary if you are using DHCP, hence it's recommended to rely on DHCP whenever possible.

To confirm the PC can see the router, you can use the Windows 'ping' utility. This sends a small packet to the router, which the router sends back, to confirm communication is fine. From an MS-DOS prompt, enter 'ping 192.168.1.1' - you should get replies with a time in milliseconds (e.g. 12ms).

Part 2 - Router communicating with your ISP & The Internet

The above checks should confirm that your PC and network is connected to the router correctly, so you should be able to access the router's Web Configurator interface. This is the main method for setting up, controlling and monitoring the router. Load your standard web browser (e.g. MSIE, Netscape etc) and into the address bar simply enter http://192.168.1.1 (which is the router's address). You can also get into the Web Configurator interface via the Router Tools "Smartstart" wizard. You will be asked for the router's admin password (blank by default - you can change it later) and then the main router menu should appear as shown below. This main menu 'front page' also shows the version of firmware installed in the router, at the top right hand side :

If you cannot get into the router's web configurator or Dial-Up Networking tries to dial when you try to access the internet, check your 'Internet Options' from Windows Control Panel. They should be set as shown below (varies with O/S). Select 'never dial a connection' to prevent the PC using a dialup modem (DUN) connection :
Click on LAN Settings and ensure that no proxy is set. It should look like this :

If you have a software firewall installed, for example Zonealarm, Norton Firewall etc. or SBS Proxy server, these can sometimes interfere with access to the router.

It is very simple to set up the router for standard Internet access. You will need to know your login name and password for your ISP. Go straight to the Internet Access Setup menu on the top right, in the cyan box :
Then on the next menu, be sure to select the PPPoE/PPPoA sub-menu (not MPOA!).

In the PPPoA setup screen, it's important the the boxes on the left are set as shown below (unless you are outside the UK, in which case refer to your ISP/Telco). On the right hand side, the ISP name is just for reference, but the username and password must be correct - check these with your ISP if you are not sure what to enter - these are the username and password that you use to log into your ISP.
Once everything is entered as shown above, that's all that's needed for a typical ISP setup. Click OK to save those settings:

Please note that since Autumn 2003, ADSL lines in the UK may be autodetected as PPPoE or LLC/Snap encapsulation (if you use the router's autodetect method); don't worry - those settings should also work.

Once your ISP details are set, if the ADSL line cable (RJ11) is connected to the router (normally via your microfilter/splitter), you can check that the router is online and has connected to the ISP successfully. From the main menu select >> Online Status and a screen like this will appear :
Don't be overwhelmed by all of this information; it's quite easy to follow and there are only a couple of pieces of information which are needed to confirm correct operation.
The bottom section ADSL Status confirms the modem's status :
Ready - No ADSL signal detected.
Initialising - ADSL signal detected. Initialising Modem.
SHOWTIME - Modem is trained and connected
In the SHOWTIME state the line speed and SN ratio are also shown.
Once the router is in showtime state, it will automatically log into your ISP. This is indicated by the WAN Status section. The mode should be shown as PPPoA and the IP address which the router has assumed from your ISP will be shown under IP Address . In our example, that is 215.120.215.5. Depending on your service option with your ISP, that will change each time you log in (dynamic address) or it will always be the same (static address). This is generally known as your public (or WAN facing) IP address.
In summary, if you have a public IP address shown, the router is set up and logged into your ISP correctly. You should now be able to surf the internet ! Try entering a web address into your browse (for example www.draytek.co.uk !).

From PCs on your network, you should be able to ping IP addresses, and URLs on the Internet. This is normally done from the command (DOS) prompt in Windows. For Mac users, various ping utilities are available. Try a ping like this :
```
ping www.draytek.co.uk
```
You should get some ping replies, and the time to reply is shown for each (e.g. 50ms). If pinging a URL like that does not get a reply, try to ping an IP address (it must be one which is active and that can reply!) :
```
ping 194.153.0.18
```
If the numeric IP address replies, but the URL (web address) doesn't, then that suggests that the PC has a problem resolving URLs (converting from a URL to an IP address). URLs are resolved by use of a DNS server; the router can act as a DNS proxy to your ISPs actual DNS servers. The DNS servers are set on the PC, or if left blank, on the router either automatically when it connects to the ISP, or manually from the router's LAN TCP/IP menu.

If the PCs on your network cannot ping the Internet, you can check if the router itself can ping the internet. If you telnet to the router (see main FAQ for details on how to run telnet) then you can try to ping an external IP address (i.e. one elsewhere on the internet). If the ping comes back, then that confirms that the router is happily connected to the Internet and can send/receive data. Pings will have a trip time, for example 97ms.

You can also ping from the router to an internal IP address, e.g. ip ping 192.168.1.10. Note that the IP address example given above may not be a real address - you must ping a known/real/active IP address. If the address doesn't exist, or is unreachable, you will not get a ping reply.

If you cannot get the router logged into the ISP, you can telnet to the router and check the call log (log -c). If it shows a CHAP failure then either your username or password is almost certainly incorrect. The "ISP Name" field is arbitrary so you can put anything you like in there, but the username and password must be correct. Windows 95/98/2000/ME/XP all have a Telnet program built in. For other Operating systems, you can normally download a freeware Telnet utility. To run regular Telnet under Windows select as follows :

Windows2000 and WindowsXP have a 'DOS' based Telnet program, so you cannot capture text with it. Instead you can use Windows Hyperterminal, and select Port 23 (telnet) connection rather than a modem or COM port:

Here is an example log :

In the above log, the router logged in successfully. If your ISP "idle timeout" is set to always-on (-1) then the Dial-Up Triggered by.... line will not show. When the LINK light on the router comes on, the router is successfully logged in.

In the above example log, the login has failed, most probably due to an incorrect username or password.
If you need to capture the log text, for example to send it to your support contact for examination, you need to open a Telnet session to the router, as shown above and start a text capture (give it a suitable filename, for example fred01.txt.
Then enter the appropriate log commands to display the logs, and finally close the text capture, which will leave you with a text file you can email.

Wifi configuration

WiFi Configuration

(To Access WiFi Service Laptop/Computer should be Wireless Enabled)

1. Enter IP 192.168.1.1, in Internet Explorer after connecting the router as before(As in ADSL Router without wifi capability)

2. Enter User Name Password as before(As in ADSL Router without wifi capability): i.e. admin, admin

3. Click Tab Interface Setup shown below:

a) Click Internet, you will find page as given below:

Configure PVCs, Enter Username & Password as earlier(As in ADSL Router without wifi capability), and Click save button.

b) To configure Wireless setting Click Wireless Tab and you will get window as given below:

* Activate Access Port radio button (WiFi would not work without it)

* Type your SSID.

* You can Configure Channel Id.

* Select Authentication type by clicking combo box and enter KEY in required format.

You can filter/allow Mac address by activating wireless MAC address filter as desired by clicking Activated tab. You have to enter the mac address of your WIFI card installed in your laptop/computer. Upto 8 MAC can be allowed or denied.

Click Save Button.

As below one USER is allowed to access the WiFi Service from this Access point. i. e. 00:14:A4:19:74:8C. If you enter WiFi Card MAC addresses of other Laptops/Computers (Maximum 8 Laptops/Computers are allowed)

Click Save Button.

C) To configure LAN(Local Area Network) settings like DNS, DHCP Click LAN TAB as shown below:

Click Save Button.

IMPORTANT:

KEY POINT to prevent misuse of WiFi Facility by unauthorized user, ALWAYS USE Security feature of WiFi router given above and repeated below again:

SSID The SSID is a unique name to identify the ADSL Router in the wireless LAN. Wireless clients associating to the ADSL Router must have the same SSID.

Broadcast SSID Select No to hide the SSID such that a station can not obtain the SSID through passive scanning. Select Yes to make the SSID visible so a station can obtain the SSID through passive scanning.

Wireless LAN :: WEP
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) encrypts data frames before transmitting over the wireless network. Select Disable to allow all wireless computers to communicate with the access points without any data encryption.Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to use data encryption.
Key#1~Key#4 The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the ADSL Router and the wireless clients must use the same WEP key for data transmission.If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 Characters each key (1-4). If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 characters for each key (1-4).The values must be set up exactly the same on the Access Points as they are on the wireless client stations. The same value must be assigned to Key 1 on both the access point (your ADSL Router) and the client adapters, the same value must be assigned to Key 2 on both the access point and the client stations and so on, for all four WEP keys.

Wireless LAN :: WPA-PSK
Wi-Fi Protected Access, pre-shared key. Encrypts data frames before transmitting over the wireless network.
Pre-shared Key The Pre-shared Key are used to encrypt data. Both the ADSL Router and the wireless clients must use the same WPA-PSK key for data transmission. Key Length 8 � 64 characters.

Wireless LAN :: MAC Filter
You can allow or deny a list of MAC addresses associated with the wireless stations access to the ADSL Router.
Status Use the drop down list box to enable or disable MAC address filtering.
Action Select Deny Association to block access to the router, MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access the router. Select Allow Association to permit access to the router, MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to the router.

Router Commands Overview

First of all you should remember the keyboard shortcuts of a router.

Keyboard Shortcuts

CTRL-N - show next command

CTRL-P - show previous command

SHIFT-CTRL-6 – Break

Configuring the Router

You will be able to learn the basic commands for configuring a router.

sh running-config - details the running configuration file (RAM)

sh startup-config - displays the configuration stored in NVRAM

setup - Will start the the automatic setup; the same as when you first boot the router

config t - use to execute configuration commands from the terminal

config mem - executes configuration commands stored in NVRAM; copies startup-config to running-config

config net - used to retrieve configuration info from a TFTP server

copy running-config startup-config - copies saved config in running config (RAM) to NVRAM or "write memory" for IOS under ver.11

copy startup-config running-config - copies from non-volatile (NVRAM) to current running config (RAM)

boot system flash <put file filename here> - tells router which IOS file in flash to boot from

boot system tftp - tells router which IOS file on the tftp server to boot from

boot system rom - tell router to boot from ROM at next boot

copy flash tftp - Copies flash to tftp server

copy tftp flash - Restores flash from tftp server

copy run tftp - Copies the current running-config to tftp server

copy tftp run - Restores the running-config from tftp server

General Commands

Here is a list of the general commands. These are the basic level commands and most commonly used

no shutdown - (enables the interface)

reload - restarts the router

sh ver - Cisco IOS version, uptime of router, how the router started, where system was loaded from, the interfaces the POST found, and the configuration register

sh clock - shows date and time on router

sh history - shows the history of your commands

sh debug - shows all debugging that is currently enabled

no debug all - turns off all debugging

sh users - shows users connected to router

sh protocols - shows which protocols are configured

banner motd # Your customized message here # - Set/change banner

hostname <give router name> - use to configure the hostname of the router

clear counters - clear interface counters

Privileged Mode commands of a router

Learn how to work in the privileged mode of a router.

enable - get to privileged mode

disable - get to user mode

enable password <give password here> - sets privileged mode password

enable secret <give password here> - sets encrypted privileged mode password

Setting Passwords on router

Here you will be able to learn how to set the password on a router.

enable secret <give password here> - set encrypted password for privileged access

enable password <give password here> - set password for privileged access (used when there is no enable secret and when using older software)

Setting the password for console access:

(config)#line console 0

(config-line)#login

(config-line)#password <put password here>

Set password for virtual terminal (telnet) access (password must be set to access router through telnet):

(config)#line vty 0 4

(config-line)#login

(config-line)#password <put password here>

Set password for auxiliary (modem) access:

(config)#line aux 0

(config-line)#login

(config-line)#password <put password here>

Router Processes & Statistics

By these command you can see the statistics and different processes of the router.

sh processes - shows active processes running on router

sh process cpu - shows cpu statistics

sh mem - shows memory statistics

sh flash - describes the flash memory and displays the size of files and the amount of free flash memory

sh buffers - displays statistics for router buffer pools; shows the size of the Small, Middle, Big, Very Big, Large and Huge Buffers

sh stacks - shows reason for last reboot, monitors the stack use of processes and interrupts routines

IP Commands

Here is a list of the IP Commands

Configure IP on an interface:

int serial 0

ip address 157.89.1.3 255.255.0.0

int eth 0

ip address 2008.1.1.4 255.255.255.0

Other IP Commands:

sh ip route - view ip routing table

ip route <remote_network> <mask> <default_gateway> [administrative_distance] - configure a static IP route

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 <put gateway of the last resort here> - sets default gateway

ip classless - use with static routing to allow packets destined for unrecognized subnets to use the best possible route

sh arp - view arp cache; shows MAC address of connected routers

ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0 secondary - configure a 2nd ip address on an interface

sh ip protocol

CDP Commands (Cisco Discovery Protocol uses layer 2 multicast over a SNAP-capable link to send data):

sh cdp neighbor - shows directly connected neighbors

sh cdp int - shows which interfaces are running CDP

sh cdp int eth 0/0 - show CDP info for specific interface

sh cdp entry <cdp neighbor here> - shows CDP neighbor detail

cdp timer 120 - change how often CDP info is sent (default cdp timer is 60)

cp holdtime 240 - how long to wait before removing a CDP neighbor (default CDP holdtime is 180)

sh cdp run - shows if CDP turned on

no cdp run - turns off CDP for entire router (global config)

no cdp enable - turns off CDP on specific interface

IPX Commands

Enable IPX on router:

ipx routing

Configure IPX + IPX-RIP on an int:

int ser 0

ipx network 4A

Other Commands:

sh ipx route - shows IPX routing table

sh ipx int e0 - shows ipx address on int

sh ipx servers - shows SAP table

sh ipx traffic - view traffic statistics

debug ipx routing activity - debugs IPS RIP packets

debug ipx sap - debugs SAP packets

Routing Protocols

RIP, IGPR and OSPF are the routing protocols and here is a list of the commands for the working on the routing protocols.

Configure RIP:

router rip

network 157.89.0.0

network 208.1.1.0

Other RIP Commands:

debug ip rip - view RIP debugging info

Configure IGRP:

router IGRP 200

network 157.89.0.0

network 208.1.1.0

Other IGRP Commands:

debug ip igrp events - view IGRP debugging info

debug ip igrp transactions - view IGRP debugging info

Access Lists

Here is a list of the Access list command of a router.

sh ip int ser 0 - use to view which IP access lists are applies to which int

sh ipx int ser 0 - use to view which IPX access lists are applies to which int

sh appletalk int ser 0 - use to view which AppleTalk access lists are applies to which int

View access lists:

sh access-lists

sh ip access-lists

sh ipx access-lists

sh appletalk access-lists

Apply standard IP access list to int eth 0:

access-list 1 deny 200.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

access-list 1 permit any

int eth 0

ip access-group 1 in

Apply Extended IP access list to int eth 0:

access-list 100 deny tcp host 1.1.1.1 host 2.2.2.2 eq 23

access-list 100 deny tcp 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 80

int eth 0

ip access-group 100 out

Apply Standard IPX access list to int eth 0:

access-list 800 deny 7a 8000

access-list 800 permit -1

int eth 0

ipx access-group 800 out

Apply Standard IPX access list to int eth 0:

access-list 900 deny sap any 3378 -1

access-list 900 permit sap any all -1

int eth 0

ipx access-group 900 out

WAN Configurations Commands

Networking over WAN is the main functionality of a router. The most common use of a router is for the WAN connectivity. Here is a list of the commands for the different methods of the WAN connectivity.

PPP Configuration

Point to point protocol is a method for the WAN connectivity and you will find here some commands of PPP.

encapsulation pppppp authentication <chap or pap here>

ppp chap hostname <put router name here>

ppp pap sent-username <put user name here>

sh int ser 0 - use to view encapsulation on the interface

Frame-Relay Configuration

One of the methods for the WAN connectivity is the Frame Relay. Find here some basic commands for the WAN connectivity through Frame Relay.

encapsulation frame-relay ietf - use IETF when setting up a frame-relay network between a Ciscorouter and a non-Cisco router

frame-relay lmi-type ansi - LMI types are Cisco, ANSI, Q933A; Cisco is the default; LMI type is auto-sensed in IOS v11.2 and up

frame-relay map ip 3.3.3.3 100 broadcast - if inverse ARP won't work, map Other IP to Your DLCI # (local)

keep alive 10 - use to set keep alive

sh int ser 0 - use to show DLCI, LMI, and encapsulation info

sh frame-relay pvc - shows the configured DLCI's; shows PVC traffic stats

sh frame-relay map - shows route mapssh frame-relay lmi - shows LMI info

Miscellaneous Commands

In the last but not least here is a list of the some miscellaneous and useful commands

sh controller t1 - shows status of T1 lines

sh controller serial 1 - use to determine if DCE or DTE device

(config-if)#clock rate 6400 - set clock on DCE (bits per second)

(config-if)#bandwidth 64 - set bandwidth (kilobits)

Learn All Networking Concept In Easy Way

Pages

Firmware Upgrading on Macs

Vigor ADSL Router Troubleshooting Tips

Part 1 - PCs/LAN communicating with Router

Part 2 - Router communicating with your ISP & The Internet

Wifi configuration

Router Commands Overview

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